High-frequency radio (30MHz-300GHz) antennas are categorized by frequency band compatibility, structural type, and application scenarios, primarily covering amateur radio, industrial IoT, and communication transmission. The selection focuses on mainstream categories with mature technology and strong practical applications, with key parameters and applicable scenarios provided:

I. By Frequency Band: Core High-Frequency Antenna Selection

1. Shortwave High Frequency (HF: 30MHz-300MHz, including 315/433/868/915MHz)

Emphasis on long-range, low-power operation, suitable for industrial sensing and wireless remote control. Antenna miniaturization is mature, with a gain primarily around 28dBi.

Dipole Antenna: Omnidirectional radiation, frequency coverage 30-300MHz, gain 23dBi, simple structure (two symmetrical metal elements), suitable for amateur radio and shortwave communication base stations, low cost, and flexible installation.

Omnidirectional Antennas (Industrial Mainstream):

Ebitec TX433BLG150: 410-460MHz, 5dBi, SMAK, IP65 waterproof, suitable for industrial remote control and LoRa sensing;

Yaesu AT7710: 30-300MHz, 3dBi, portable, suitable for amateur radio and outdoor emergency communication.

Fiberglass Omnidirectional Antennas: High protection + high gain, 868/915MHz model (Ebitec TX868GRB500), 7dBi, IP67, suitable for overseas LoRa outdoor base stations and cross-regional transmission.

2. Very High Frequency (VHF: 300MHz-3GHz, including 470MHz LoRa, 2.4GHz WiFi/Bluetooth)

Line-of-sight propagation, increased speed, suitable for industrial IoT and consumer-grade communication. Antennas are mainly miniaturized external/internal designs.

Yagi Directional Antenna: High gain (612dBi), directional radiation, frequency 300MHz/2.4GHz, strong anti-interference, suitable for drone communication (FPV), walkie-talkie repeaters, and long-distance point-to-point transmission in industrial applications (such as equipment linkage in factories).

Helical Antenna: Circular polarization design, frequency 470MHz/2.4GHz, gain 57dBi, anti-multipath interference, suitable for LoRa industrial gateways and satellite navigation-assisted communication.

Built-in Antennas (for small devices):

FPC Flexible Antenna: 2.4GHz (Ebitec ANT2400FPC2), 2.5dBi, IPEX interface, suitable for smart sensors and embedded modules;

PCB Patch Antenna: 470MHz/2.4GHz, 1.52dBi, directly soldered to PCB, suitable for micro IoT devices and smart hardware.

3. Ultra-High Frequency (UHF: 3GHz-30GHz, including 5GHz WiFi and 5G Sub-6G)

Wide bandwidth, high data rate, line-of-sight propagation, susceptible to attenuation due to obstruction, suitable for high-speed transmission and 5G communication; antennas are primarily directional with high gain.

Patch Array Antenna: Frequency 2.4GHz/5GHz/5.8GHz, gain 815dBi, multi-element integration, suitable for 5G industrial gateways and high-speed WiFi base stations (WiFi 6/7), supporting high-bandwidth data transmission (such as 8K video and cloud gaming).

Horn Antenna: Directional radiation, frequency 330GHz, gain 1020dBi, wide bandwidth, suitable for microwave communication, radar detection, and laboratory signal testing; extremely strong anti-interference.

Planetary Directional Antenna: 5GHz model (Huawei AP7050DN), 12dBi, directional coverage, suitable for indoor high-speed WiFi extension and industrial point-to-point high-speed transmission (such as high-definition data backhaul from workshop equipment).

4. Ultra-High Frequency (SHF: 30GHz-300GHz, millimeter wave)

Extremely wide bandwidth (speed exceeding 10Gbps), extremely weak penetration, suitable for high-end communications, high technical threshold, primarily using integrated antennas.

Integrated Patch Array Antenna: Frequency 28GHz/60GHz, gain 1525dBi, miniaturized integration, suitable for 5G millimeter wave base stations and high-end satellite broadband;

Lens Antenna: Focuses signals, frequency 60-300GHz, gain 2030dBi, suitable for medical imaging, quantum communication, and radar remote sensing (scientific research + high-end industrial scenarios).

II. Classification by Structural Type: Core Categories and Core Characteristics

1. Omnidirectional Antenna (360° coverage, no directional limitation)

Representative Types: Glue rod antenna, fiberglass antenna, dipole antenna;

Key Advantages: Wide coverage, no need for precise alignment, simple installation;

Suitable Scenarios: Industrial IoT networking, home WiFi coverage, wireless sensor networks (multi-node communication).

2. Directional Antennas (Unidirectional Focusing, High Gain, Anti-interference)

Representative Types: Yagi antennas, flat panel antennas, horn antennas, lens antennas;

Key Advantages: High gain (above 6dBi), strong signal focusing, reduced interference, long transmission distance;

Suitable Scenarios: Point-to-point long-distance communication, directional coverage of base stations, anti-interference industrial scenarios (such as complex electromagnetic environments in workshops).

3. Built-in Antennas (Space-Saving, Integrated)

Representative Types: FPC antennas, PCB antennas, patch antennas;

Key Advantages: Ultra-thin/miniaturized, no external protrusions, suitable for small devices;

Suitable Scenarios: Smartwatches, miniature sensors, embedded modules, consumer-grade smart hardware.

4. High-Protection Antennas (Outdoor/Harsh Industrial Environments)

Representative Types: Fiberglass antennas, waterproof glue rod antennas;

Key Advantages: Protection rating IP65/IP68, wind/waterproof/corrosion resistant;

Suitable Scenarios: Outdoor base stations, rural IoT, industrial plants, marine communication.

III. Recommended Mainstream Core Models for Industrial/Commercial Use (Prioritizing Practicality)

1. Industrial IoT (LoRa/WiFi IoT):

433/470MHz: Ebitec TX470-BLG3-00 (8dBi, IP67, Long-Range Outdoor), ANT470PCB1 (Built-in Small Sensor);

868/915MHz: Ebitec TX915-BLG-150 (US Standard, 5dBi, Overseas Projects);

2.4/5GHz: Huawei AP6510DN (Plate-mounted Directional, 12dBi, High-Speed Industrial Coverage).

2. Amateur Radio/Emergency Communication:

30300MHz: Yaesu AT180A (Dipole, 3dBi, Portable Emergency), Diamond NR770H (Glue Rod, 5dBi, Full-Band Compatible).

IV. Core Logic for High-Frequency Antenna Selection

1. Precise Frequency Band Matching: The antenna frequency must completely cover the device's operating frequency band (e.g., for 5GHz WiFi, a 5150-5850MHz antenna is required; a deviation exceeding 5% will result in signal attenuation exceeding 50%).

2. Direction Selection: Omnidirectional/Directional: For multi-node networking, choose omnidirectional; for point-to-point long-distance/interference-resistant applications, choose directional.

3. Scene-Based Protection and Type: For outdoor applications, choose fiberglass/waterproof tubing (IP65+); for small devices, choose built-in FPC/PCB; for high-speed transmission, choose a high-gain directional antenna.

4. Gain Adaptation Distance: Short-range (<1km) 23dBi, medium-range (15km) 48dBi, long-range (>5km) 10dBi or higher (depending on the device's transmit power).