Low-loss antenna interface selection list (categorized by scenario)

Core judgment criteria: Give priority to interfaces with insertion loss <0.5dB, return loss >14dB, and adaptable frequency bands/powers. In high-frequency/high-power scenarios, focus on models with optimized media and surface processes.

Ⅰ. High-frequency communication scenarios (5G/millimeter wave/satellite communication, low-loss core requirements)

1. Radiall 2105-1521-046 (air dielectric waveguide type): Ka-band (26.5-40GHz) insertion loss is only 0.12dB/cm, 40% loss reduction compared to traditional solutions. Nano-silver plating + vacuum dielectric design, return loss as low as -32dB, suitable for satellite ground stations and 5G millimeter wave base stations.
2. Precision N-type interface: The high-quality version has a frequency of 18GHz, standing wave ratio <1.2, insertion loss <0.3dB, power capacity exceeding 100W, high-frequency stability better than ordinary SMA, and is suitable for 5G base stations and microwave relay equipment.
3. Precision SMA interface: The upper frequency limit is 26.5GHz. The gold plating process reduces skin effect loss and the insertion loss is <0.4dB. It is suitable for small high-frequency terminals (such as 5G test equipment and mini base stations), taking into account compactness and low loss.

Ⅱ. Industrial medium and high frequency scenarios (LoRa/4G/GPS, taking into account stability and low loss)

1. Standard N-type interface: DC-11GHz frequency band loss is stable, insertion loss is <0.5dB, the thread is tightly tightened and sealed, anti-vibration and weather-resistant, suitable for outdoor industrial data transmission modules and vehicle-mounted 4G equipment, with a power capacity of hundreds of watts and no high-frequency attenuation hazards.
2. SMA interface (gold-plated version): DC-18GHz is suitable for most industrial frequency bands. The insertion loss is less than 0.5dB and the cost is lower than N type. It can further reduce the loss when paired with RG-400 low-loss feeder. It is suitable for indoor industrial control and GPS positioning modules.
3. TNC interface: The frequency reaches 18GHz, the insertion loss is the same as that of SMA, and the vibration resistance is better. It is suitable for 4G/GPS equipment in vehicle vibration environment to avoid increased loss caused by vibration.

Ⅲ. Small integration scenario (Bluetooth/WiFi/miniature sensing, small size and low loss)

1. IPEX 5th generation interface: DC-6GHz is suitable for consumer/small industrial frequency bands, extremely compact and suitable for high-density PCB, gold-plated contacts reduce transmission loss, insertion loss <0.5dB, suitable for built-in connections of micro sensors and smart modules.
2. UFL (MHF) interface: The upper frequency limit is 6GHz, the insertion loss is less than 0.6dB, and the volume is equivalent to IPEX. It is suitable for Bluetooth headsets and mini WiFi modules. It is pre-installed in the factory to reduce the risk of insertion and removal losses.

The key to avoiding pitfalls: low-loss adaptation skills

Feeder matching: Choose low-loss feeders (for example, RG-400 is better than RG-58), shorten the cable length, and reduce the total link loss;
Process priority: Prioritize gold-plated/silver-plated contacts to avoid increased losses caused by oxidation of ordinary metals;
Scenario avoidance: There is no need to blindly choose high-priced precision models for low-frequency bands (<4GHz). Standard N-type/SMA can meet low-loss requirements. For high-frequency bands (>10GHz), air media or precision process interfaces must be selected.